Video recording act 1984 :: essays papers

Video recording act 1984 History As an ever increasing number of individuals in the UK began to lease and purchase recordings for home use, it was believed that a demonstration ought to be passed that secured the public’s intrest. The video chronicles act was acquired to keep individuals from making recordings of hostile nature (to certain individuals) and afterward offering that recording to individuals who are considered not reasonable to see the recording (under matured) or individuals who are ignorant of the idea of the video. In 1984 the demonstration was gone through parliament and the BBFC (British Board Of Film Censorship) was assigned to ensure that recordings that are offered available to be purchased or recruit in the UK have the right endorsement. It was felt that recordings expected to have a stricter rating framework than film films as they could without much of a stretch be acquired by under matured people. The demonstration doesn't generally focus on the government assistance of creatures, however stops films being made which delineate scenes of pitilessness, sexual (human/creature) intercourse/exercises and mutilation. This demonstration accomplishes work in connection with different acts that secures creatures, for example, the Protection Of Animals Act 1911, Criminal Justice and Public Order and The Performing Animals (guideline) Act 1925. Act Requirements and Aims: The demonstration influences any individual who wishes to sell or recruit recordings for home, open use. The demonstration may likewise impacts individuals who have unlicensed recordings for home use (outrageous cases) The video chronicles act expresses that: 1) Videos must be characterized by assigned position (The president or VP of the BBFC). That the endorsement must mirror the video's reasonableness for home use. 2) Videos Must Not Contain Graphic Footage of † · Torture to people or creatures.  · Explicit sexual acts between people or human/creature.  · Cruelty of creatures (as expressed in the Protection of Animals Act 1911).  · Extreme brutality to creatures or individuals (especially youngsters and ladies).  · Enjoyment from rapes (human or creature).  · Scenes that would make extraordinary pain Animals. These are the central matters that impact creatures, the remainder of the demonstration discusses the grouping of the recordings and film comparable to individuals. 3) That it is an offense to offer such recordings to any one under the endorsement age. Recordings are still permitted to show gentle savagery (depending in what setting), for instance when they fling the cow out of the château in Monty pythons journey for the Holy Grail (15 cert).

The Precursors to World War Two Essay Sample free essay sample

Upon the choice of World War One. quite a bit of Europe was in a ruins. In Germany. the state was suffering from awful financial downturn each piece great as a down soul all resulting from the ruinous misfortune in the Great War. From this. Adolf Hitler rose to control generally on the balance that he would return Germany to its past glorification. At the focal point of Hitler’s program for an arrival to distinguished reputation was the craving to spread out the imperium militarily. One of the measure steps Hitler had taken was a solid military develop of the Rhineland each piece great as brief military invasions into adjoining states. Numerous in Europe were frightened over this activation. be that as it may, there was a longing to oversee Hitler carefully. PM Chamberlain ( of Britain ) wanted to keep away from encounter and arranged an exchange with Hitler asserting the achievement of â€Å"peace in our time† as Hitler had consented to be content with his minor allotments of states. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Precursors to World War Two Essay Sample or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page History has demonstrated that Britain made a MONUMENTAL blunder in misreading Hitler’s reason. Hitler’s â€Å"National Socialism† was in frantic interest of regular assets so as to keep up the financial arrangement of Germany above water and it was his motivation of attaching and directing the conditions of Western Europe. While Britain and France were marks. they did non perceive the disagreeableness of the situation lastly were set apart as development marks. Hitler along these lines aligned with the Soviet Union and attacked Poland. This activity prompts the assertion of war on Germany by France and Britain. This was the beginning of World War Two and. in an unexpected activity Germany would turn on the USSR taking to the Soviets aligning with Britain and France.

Looking Back on 10 Years of Web Design - Focus

Looking Back on 10 Years of Web Design - Focus Web design has changed a lot over the past decade, and so has our web app, MindMeister, which was launched in February 2007 as one of the first software-as-a-service tools. Now, 10 years later, MindMeister has more than 6 million users worldwide and is still growing rapidly.  We’ve learned a lot about design and usability since we started this incredible journey, and we thought MindMeister’s 10-year anniversary  would be a good opportunity to share some of these lessons with you. 2006 2006 was the year we created MindMeister’s first prototypes, and as you can see, they were still rather simple: MindMeister prototype 1 At that time, Firefox was the best browser for web design, but the most common one by far was Internet Explorer, which was a real pain to work with. Seriously, everything below Internet Explorer 5 was just horrible. The existing browser technology wasn’t even ready for canvas drawing, which is why we had to draw the lines of our mind maps with 11 px DIVs. If you think that sounds like an incredible amount of work, that’s because it was. Lesson 1: The existing technology might not be ready for your idea. But don’t let that stop you. 2007 In February 2007, MindMeister was released as a private beta. Within two weeks, we had 1,000 users on the platform, and 10 times that many by May that year.   MindMeister homepage in closed beta stage This simple page was the very first impression our users got of MindMeister. Back then, gradients were all the rage â€" especially super glossy ones! â€" and for ‘best’ effect they were usually combined with dark UI elements. As we were in a closed beta stage and people could only access MindMeister through an invitation code, we didn’t even have a sign-up button. To show people exactly what MindMeister was, we embedded a live (!) version of a mind map into the homepage, which enabled visitors to interact with the map, zoom in, open and close branches, and more. For the official launch in May 2007, we had to adapt the homepage quite a bit: MindMeister homepage during the launch in May 2007 You’ll notice a few things here: The site was glossier than vloggers doing the 100 layers  of lip gloss challenge. We added a big H1 to help visitors understand at a glance what we were offering (and for SEO as well, of course). We included a big, round, glossy pink sign-in button. If this didn’t entice people to click, nothing would. Instead of a single sign-up button which would subsequently lead the visitor to the different subscription plans, the plans were all featured on the homepage itself. MindMeister’s map editor  in 2007 Our first proper map editor already had the three main UI elements that we still use today: a header, a footer and a sidebar on the right. Elements in the header were the ones that impacted the whole map, whereas everything in the sidebar affected only the currently selected topic. The footer included things like status notifications, sharing options and the like. Already, we had added so many features that the sidebar on the right was getting too cluttered. To combat this problem, we made the sections of the sidebar collapsible, similar to how Photoshop and other Adobe products still do it. To ensure new users wouldn’t be too overwhelmed, only the most important sections were expanded when the user first entered the map editor. Lesson 2: Don’t overwhelm new users with too many features. The Share Dialog Our number one USP has  always been  MindMeister’s collaboration engine, which allowed people to work together on a mind map in real-time. The map share dialog was thus one of the most important areas in the map editor, and we spent quite a lot of time trying to optimize it. Here’s an overview of the different versions we went through: Version 1: Even back then we already differentiated between collaborator access and read-only access, so the first version of the share dialog featured two fields that simply showed current collaborators and current viewers of the map, followed by an email invite button below. Version 2: In the second version, the standard Safari button we had previously used for the invite CTA was replaced with a shiny customized button. We also added an additional setting which gave the map creator more control over who got to add more collaborators to their map. Still, this dialog was extremely simple and straightforward. Version 3: After studying how we ourselves used MindMeister, we soon realized that a) most people would probably collaborate with the same set of people on an ongoing basis, and that b) having to type the same email addresses over and over would become tedious quickly. So for the third version of the dialog, we took a completely different approach. MindMeister automatically remembers email addresses the user has previously invited, so with the new UI the user could now quickly add viewers or collaborators to their maps via a simple drag and drop motion. This was the final version we ended up implementing in the live app. Lesson 3: Do everything you can to make sharing and inviting as easy as possible. 2009 MindMeister homepage from 2009: The height of the glossy era 2009 was the height of the glossy-gradient boom, and as you can see, we went all out by adding a bold white rim around our H1. This is also when we first introduced the bright rays to the background, which not only represented the branches of a mind map but also symbolized the light rays of a new idea being born. They would stick with us for a long time. If you look at websites from that era, you’ll also notice an increase in drop shadows everywhere. This is because browsers (all except Internet Explorer, as usual) were finally starting to offer good support for drop shadows, and designers jumped on them to improve the 3-dimensional effect of elements. Until then, shadows actually had to be added to the images manually, using Photoshop (we can see some of the younger designers among you laughing and shaking their heads at this). Lesson 4: Just because it’s technically possible, doesn’t mean you should do it EVERYWHERE. MindMeister homepage from 2009:  This time with Helvetica Before the year was over, we realized that Variable Bold, the font we were using for our logo as well as headlines, just wasn’t going to do. With its playfulness, it wasn’t the kind of font that would speak to business users, our main target audience. So with a heavy heart, we said goodbye to the soft round curves of good old Variable and switched to Helvetica, which was clean and thin and worked perfectly on most systems. Finally, we were able to use real text for the headlines instead of images, which was great news for our localization efforts, too. Lesson 5: Kill your darlings. 2012 MindMeisters map editor in 2012 In 2012 MindMeister came out of the dark ages when finally both the website and map editor got visibly lighter and friendlier. We replaced the intense pink we had been using as our highlight color with a lively blue, which also gave MindMeister a much more professional appearance. Inside the editor the sidebar color was changed to a light gray in addition to being simplified and downsized quite a bit. This is the first time we introduced tabs for advanced features in the sidebar. Lesson 6: Pink is friendly, but not very businesslike. 2014 MindMeisters map editor with a fresh flat UI In January 2014 we released MindMeister 9, which featured a completely revamped interface, using the flat design that had already transformed half the internet. Made popular by Apple’s iOS 7 with its lively colors, this mobile-inspired trend removed all shadows, gradients and depth from our website, bringing the focus onto the shapes of individual UI elements. Paired with a lot of white space, the new interface boosted a much cleaner, fresher, and most importantly simpler look that fit well with our overall focus on simplicity and usability. Lesson 7: Take inspiration from market leaders. A new CI for MindMeister With Retina displays becoming ever more common, thin icons also became popular as the high-resolution displays could finally do those thin, sharp lines justice. And so, for the first time since its launch 7 years earlier, MindMeister also got a new logo and icon that fit the rest of the flat makeover. 2016 MindMeisters map editor in 2016 In 2016 we released another subtle makeover for the map editor which was brought on by a number of usability tests and observations of how our users behaved in the editor. Various features were moved; map themes and alignments, for instance, were added to the info menu (i) in the top bar to simplify the footer. Another influence during this update  was MeisterTask, the task management tool we released in 2015. With a large number of shared users, creating a uniform experience on both tools became a priority. You’ll notice that the user avatar is now visible in the upper right corner of the editor, just like it is in MeisterTask, and that the online help button was removed from the bottom bar. The online help is now available through the account popover in both tools. Lesson 8: Consistency is key. The new quick share popover As teams rely ever more heavily on communication platforms such as Slack and HipChat, the importance of email invitation has reduced. To adapt to this change we introduced a quick share popover that put our link share option on the same level as the previously much more prominent invitation via email. You’ll also notice the addition of big social share buttons in the popover, which are enticing more users to publish and share their maps on Facebook, Twitter and other channels. Lesson 9: Link sharing supersedes email invitation. 2017 Decluttered design idea for MindMeister’s map editor Today, we’re again noticing that too many UI elements have accumulated in our map editor over the years. With a dedicated team adding and improving features constantly, that’s no surprise. But now it’s time we bring the focus back onto the mind map and its content, and we’ll do that by taking a good long look at all the clutter and cold-heartedly removing everything that isn’t essential. Minimalistic design idea for MindMeister’s map editor Another big focus of 2017 will be the consistency between the web version and MindMeister’s mobile apps, which haven’t gotten quite as much love over the past few years as they deserve. However, we won’t stop there. As we’re adopting a real mobile-first approach for the first time ever, we’re being forced to work with an incredibly small UI real estate and thus have to focus on what’s absolutely essential. And this, without a doubt, will have a positive impact on MindMeister’s web version, too. Lesson 10: Design for mobile and transfer what you learn onto the web. Web design has come a long way over the past decade, and so has MindMeister. Were excited to see the new trends the next 10  years will bring, and how they will affect the way we interact with web applications and websites in general. What do you think the major web design trends of the next decade will be? Let us know in the comments below! Simple and Intuitive Mind Mapping Try MindMeister Now Now Looking Back on 10 Years of Web Design - Focus Web design has changed a lot over the past decade, and so has our web app, MindMeister, which was launched in February 2007 as one of the first software-as-a-service tools. Now, 10 years later, MindMeister has more than 6 million users worldwide and is still growing rapidly.  We’ve learned a lot about design and usability since we started this incredible journey, and we thought MindMeister’s 10-year anniversary  would be a good opportunity to share some of these lessons with you. 2006 2006 was the year we created MindMeister’s first prototypes, and as you can see, they were still rather simple: MindMeister prototype 1 At that time, Firefox was the best browser for web design, but the most common one by far was Internet Explorer, which was a real pain to work with. Seriously, everything below Internet Explorer 5 was just horrible. The existing browser technology wasn’t even ready for canvas drawing, which is why we had to draw the lines of our mind maps with 11 px DIVs. If you think that sounds like an incredible amount of work, that’s because it was. Lesson 1: The existing technology might not be ready for your idea. But don’t let that stop you. 2007 In February 2007, MindMeister was released as a private beta. Within two weeks, we had 1,000 users on the platform, and 10 times that many by May that year.   MindMeister homepage in closed beta stage This simple page was the very first impression our users got of MindMeister. Back then, gradients were all the rage â€" especially super glossy ones! â€" and for ‘best’ effect they were usually combined with dark UI elements. As we were in a closed beta stage and people could only access MindMeister through an invitation code, we didn’t even have a sign-up button. To show people exactly what MindMeister was, we embedded a live (!) version of a mind map into the homepage, which enabled visitors to interact with the map, zoom in, open and close branches, and more. For the official launch in May 2007, we had to adapt the homepage quite a bit: MindMeister homepage during the launch in May 2007 You’ll notice a few things here: The site was glossier than vloggers doing the 100 layers  of lip gloss challenge. We added a big H1 to help visitors understand at a glance what we were offering (and for SEO as well, of course). We included a big, round, glossy pink sign-in button. If this didn’t entice people to click, nothing would. Instead of a single sign-up button which would subsequently lead the visitor to the different subscription plans, the plans were all featured on the homepage itself. MindMeister’s map editor  in 2007 Our first proper map editor already had the three main UI elements that we still use today: a header, a footer and a sidebar on the right. Elements in the header were the ones that impacted the whole map, whereas everything in the sidebar affected only the currently selected topic. The footer included things like status notifications, sharing options and the like. Already, we had added so many features that the sidebar on the right was getting too cluttered. To combat this problem, we made the sections of the sidebar collapsible, similar to how Photoshop and other Adobe products still do it. To ensure new users wouldn’t be too overwhelmed, only the most important sections were expanded when the user first entered the map editor. Lesson 2: Don’t overwhelm new users with too many features. The Share Dialog Our number one USP has  always been  MindMeister’s collaboration engine, which allowed people to work together on a mind map in real-time. The map share dialog was thus one of the most important areas in the map editor, and we spent quite a lot of time trying to optimize it. Here’s an overview of the different versions we went through: Version 1: Even back then we already differentiated between collaborator access and read-only access, so the first version of the share dialog featured two fields that simply showed current collaborators and current viewers of the map, followed by an email invite button below. Version 2: In the second version, the standard Safari button we had previously used for the invite CTA was replaced with a shiny customized button. We also added an additional setting which gave the map creator more control over who got to add more collaborators to their map. Still, this dialog was extremely simple and straightforward. Version 3: After studying how we ourselves used MindMeister, we soon realized that a) most people would probably collaborate with the same set of people on an ongoing basis, and that b) having to type the same email addresses over and over would become tedious quickly. So for the third version of the dialog, we took a completely different approach. MindMeister automatically remembers email addresses the user has previously invited, so with the new UI the user could now quickly add viewers or collaborators to their maps via a simple drag and drop motion. This was the final version we ended up implementing in the live app. Lesson 3: Do everything you can to make sharing and inviting as easy as possible. 2009 MindMeister homepage from 2009: The height of the glossy era 2009 was the height of the glossy-gradient boom, and as you can see, we went all out by adding a bold white rim around our H1. This is also when we first introduced the bright rays to the background, which not only represented the branches of a mind map but also symbolized the light rays of a new idea being born. They would stick with us for a long time. If you look at websites from that era, you’ll also notice an increase in drop shadows everywhere. This is because browsers (all except Internet Explorer, as usual) were finally starting to offer good support for drop shadows, and designers jumped on them to improve the 3-dimensional effect of elements. Until then, shadows actually had to be added to the images manually, using Photoshop (we can see some of the younger designers among you laughing and shaking their heads at this). Lesson 4: Just because it’s technically possible, doesn’t mean you should do it EVERYWHERE. MindMeister homepage from 2009:  This time with Helvetica Before the year was over, we realized that Variable Bold, the font we were using for our logo as well as headlines, just wasn’t going to do. With its playfulness, it wasn’t the kind of font that would speak to business users, our main target audience. So with a heavy heart, we said goodbye to the soft round curves of good old Variable and switched to Helvetica, which was clean and thin and worked perfectly on most systems. Finally, we were able to use real text for the headlines instead of images, which was great news for our localization efforts, too. Lesson 5: Kill your darlings. 2012 MindMeisters map editor in 2012 In 2012 MindMeister came out of the dark ages when finally both the website and map editor got visibly lighter and friendlier. We replaced the intense pink we had been using as our highlight color with a lively blue, which also gave MindMeister a much more professional appearance. Inside the editor the sidebar color was changed to a light gray in addition to being simplified and downsized quite a bit. This is the first time we introduced tabs for advanced features in the sidebar. Lesson 6: Pink is friendly, but not very businesslike. 2014 MindMeisters map editor with a fresh flat UI In January 2014 we released MindMeister 9, which featured a completely revamped interface, using the flat design that had already transformed half the internet. Made popular by Apple’s iOS 7 with its lively colors, this mobile-inspired trend removed all shadows, gradients and depth from our website, bringing the focus onto the shapes of individual UI elements. Paired with a lot of white space, the new interface boosted a much cleaner, fresher, and most importantly simpler look that fit well with our overall focus on simplicity and usability. Lesson 7: Take inspiration from market leaders. A new CI for MindMeister With Retina displays becoming ever more common, thin icons also became popular as the high-resolution displays could finally do those thin, sharp lines justice. And so, for the first time since its launch 7 years earlier, MindMeister also got a new logo and icon that fit the rest of the flat makeover. 2016 MindMeisters map editor in 2016 In 2016 we released another subtle makeover for the map editor which was brought on by a number of usability tests and observations of how our users behaved in the editor. Various features were moved; map themes and alignments, for instance, were added to the info menu (i) in the top bar to simplify the footer. Another influence during this update  was MeisterTask, the task management tool we released in 2015. With a large number of shared users, creating a uniform experience on both tools became a priority. You’ll notice that the user avatar is now visible in the upper right corner of the editor, just like it is in MeisterTask, and that the online help button was removed from the bottom bar. The online help is now available through the account popover in both tools. Lesson 8: Consistency is key. The new quick share popover As teams rely ever more heavily on communication platforms such as Slack and HipChat, the importance of email invitation has reduced. To adapt to this change we introduced a quick share popover that put our link share option on the same level as the previously much more prominent invitation via email. You’ll also notice the addition of big social share buttons in the popover, which are enticing more users to publish and share their maps on Facebook, Twitter and other channels. Lesson 9: Link sharing supersedes email invitation. 2017 Decluttered design idea for MindMeister’s map editor Today, we’re again noticing that too many UI elements have accumulated in our map editor over the years. With a dedicated team adding and improving features constantly, that’s no surprise. But now it’s time we bring the focus back onto the mind map and its content, and we’ll do that by taking a good long look at all the clutter and cold-heartedly removing everything that isn’t essential. Minimalistic design idea for MindMeister’s map editor Another big focus of 2017 will be the consistency between the web version and MindMeister’s mobile apps, which haven’t gotten quite as much love over the past few years as they deserve. However, we won’t stop there. As we’re adopting a real mobile-first approach for the first time ever, we’re being forced to work with an incredibly small UI real estate and thus have to focus on what’s absolutely essential. And this, without a doubt, will have a positive impact on MindMeister’s web version, too. Lesson 10: Design for mobile and transfer what you learn onto the web. Web design has come a long way over the past decade, and so has MindMeister. Were excited to see the new trends the next 10  years will bring, and how they will affect the way we interact with web applications and websites in general. What do you think the major web design trends of the next decade will be? Let us know in the comments below! Simple and Intuitive Mind Mapping Try MindMeister Now Now

Enron Corporation The Largest Energy Trading Essay

Enron Corporation is the largest energy-trading located in Houston, Texas. It was founded by Kenneth L. Lay in 1985. Enron has been form through the merger between Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth Incorporation and initially named it as HNG/Inter-North Incorporation, before renames it as Enteron. In 1986, the company name has been shortened to Enron Corporation. At the beginning of the operation, Enron only involved in the transmission and distribution of electricity and gas throughout the United States. After that, Enron has expanded the business to information and communication, and machine metal industry. The company has providing services and products that related to natural gas, oil, broadband, pulp and paper, water as well as electricity and has been distributed it worldwide. Besides that, Enron involved in developed, created, and operated power plants and pipelines. In 2000, the annual revenue has been reach $100 billion and it has lifted Enron as the seventh largest natural gas pipeline system in the US and sixth largest energy company in the world. Enron has acquires 41 companies and has been considered as the most innovative company for six consecutive years. However, due to fraud scandals that involving its accounting firm which is Arthur Andersen and Enron’s managements, Enron has been announces bankrupt in 2001. Enron Corporation can be considered as one of the largest fraud scandals in history of U.S. The fraud has been conducted by Enron’s top managementsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Overview of the Enron Scandal1217 Words   |  5 Pages Enron Corporation was an energy company founded in Omaha, Nebraska. The corporation chose Houston, Texas to home its headquarters and staffed about 20,000 people. It was one of the largest natural gas and electricity providers in the United States, and even the world. 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Maus A Work of Subtle Nuances to Define Truth - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1020 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? When discussing compelling and highly nuanced literary works, most would not consider a graphic novel capable of delivering any kind of high caliber or highly nuanced level of information. Until recently, graphic novels have been a novelty pastime shared only by children and adolescents. Modern graphic novels like Maus are starting to challenge these notions and dissolve any preconceived thoughts of what literary art must be defined as. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Maus: A Work of Subtle Nuances to Define Truth" essay for you Create order Maus employs the use of art, white space, and strong layouts to convey the feelings of realism without being too pushy or perverse. Along with literary art, Maus has also pushed the boundaries and our beliefs of what non-fiction encompasses becoming a biographic non-fiction novel through the crafty ability to cope with the tragedy of the holocaust without the overshadowing of a person auto-biographical account of living through tragedy. Maus has set a high bar for expectations and shows this through a complex graphic narrative that details a firsthand account of the holocaust but also the tragedy of being born to a father that has lived through the atrocities. Maus is a non-fiction graphic novel that provides a painfully honest account of family life during the holocaust and uses a graphic medium and storytelling techniques to assist the author in depicting highly complex and sensitive topics in a relatable way. Maus is a non-fiction, highly complex graphic novel which uses animal imagery and caricatures to assist in the development and portrayal of sensitive, complex and often painfully honest topics including the author, Art Spiegelmans life. Spiegelman uses animal imagery to categorize the human race into several unconventional stereotypes which, at first glance, might be hard to miss. In Maus one and two, those from Jewish descent were animalized and depicted as human rats. This might seem strange but this antisemitic propagandizing view depicting Jews as rats can be traced back to the 1920s when the film Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) which attracted more than 412,300 spectators (Museum) was shown all over Germany. This same sentiment was spotlighted throughout history and can be seen outlined in Defining the Holocaust Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia dedicated to outlining and historically documenting the Nazi Party program. Further explanation of the use of this imagery can also be see n by Hannah Beckler, an undergraduate at University of Colorado who discusses the use of animal imagery in her paper Discursive Construction of Referential Truth in Art Spiegelmans Maus. Beckler also discusses the outlined psychology of the human mind and how we ultimately perceive the use of these animal characterizations. Beckler describes Siegelmans choice of depiction as, a literalization of a metaphor that obliges the reader to more fully grasp the blatant racism. The use of this imagery is a way for Spiegelman to further develop the readers mind and start building the capital needed to develop this as a work of non-fiction. Readers are left with a strong sense that this story is depicting real, true-to-life facts which is needed when a story is attempting to distinguish itself from fiction or non-fiction. Maus uses a graphic medium and non-standard storytelling techniques to assist the with the depiction of highly complex and sensitive topics in a relatable way. Through panel shape and manipulation of presented artwork, Spiegelman relies on the reader to develop missing information without sacrificing the overall story. This ability to develop and create a sense of realism without overexposing its reader to witnessing the atrocities leaves the reader appreciative and serves as a way to develop a sense of realism without overexposure to the inherent graphic nature of the holocaust. This is most notably seen on panel five where Spiegelmans father Vladek is recounting a time when he watched a German solder jump on someones neck, killing him (2: 50). This scene starts out with German soldiers lining up Jews during their imprisonment in Auschwitz when a Jew pushes his way out of line to talk to one of the German soldiers saying, I dont belong here with all these Yids and Polacks I am Germ an like you. The German guard responds by killing the outlier by jumping on his neck. This scene in a traditional graphic novel would have been high detailed without overtly hiding any detail. Instead Siegelman decides to show this image in a different way. He hides the killing action of the foot stomp and removes the face of the person getting killed. This helps keep the reader focused on the content instead of being caught up in the details of the picture. Beckler describes this as, the employment of cognitive perceptual closure as the reader uses their previous knowledge of the texture, color, and material to fill in the missing sensorial details (18). This simplification of artistic style does not distract the reader from the story, but enhances the story and in many ways which not only makes it more enjoyable but, assists further in the credibility of truth in the story. This non-fiction graphic novel uses combinations of animal imagery and caricatures to assist in the development and portrayal of sensitive, complex and often painfully honest topics. Mauss use of straight forward and raw story telling techniques may be unorthodox but, they assist with developing the story without leaving the reader fighting with the idea of a truthful narrative. Instead, the reader is left with a strong sense that this story is depicting real, true-to-life facts which is needed when a story is attempting to distinguish itself from fiction or non-fiction. When attempting to distinguish between whether something is Fiction or non-fiction the literary work must be subject to some form of external review and Spiegelmans art assist greatly with this without changing the broader topic or narrative. Work Cited Beckler, H. (2014). The Comic Book as Complex Narrative: Discursive. Boulder, CO. Retrieved from ttps://scholar.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1042context=honr_theses Spiegelman, Art. Maus: A Survivors Tale. New York: Pantheon Books, 1986. Print. Spiegelman, Art. Maus II : a Survivors Tale : and Here My Troubles Began. New York :Pantheon Books, 1991. Print. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Introduction to the Holocaust. Holocaust Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/introduction-to-the-holocaust. Accessed on 12/11/2018

The Shoe Store Incident Free Essays

This scenario provides a case for gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is illegal under Title VII (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). In addition, in this scenario I will provide the legal and ethical issues that arise in this case. We will write a custom essay sample on The Shoe Store Incident or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, this paper will explain what Bob should do in this scenario. Title VII Issues Discrimination comes in all shapes and sizes, and managers have to be careful not to cross the line and do the wrong thing. Companies do not want lawsuits for discrimination or anything else. The storeçâ€" ´ best customer, Imelda, probably did not intend to offend anyone nor did she probably know that she was discriminating against anyone. Many times discrimination is not intended. Customers generally believe they are always right and get what they want. However, in this instance the customer is very wrong. Requesting a female employee over a male employee is a form of discrimination, gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is illegal under Title VII (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). If Bob asks Tom to step aside and allow Mary to assist Imelda with her purchases, he will be Ã¥ ¦ ¬n violation of Title VII and can be held liable to the employee for gender discrimination. Customer preference is not a legitimate and protected reason to treat otherwise-qualified employees differently based on gender(Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007, p. 283). Legally and ethically, Manager Bob cannot swap employees Tom and Mary simply because Imelda wants it. Choice Tthe customer is promising to buy five pairs of shoes if she gets a female employee to help her. This would be a huge purchase for the store, great for the profit margin as well as a large commission for the employee. On the other hand, not providing a female employee may denote a missed sale, Imelda may leave the store. Swapping employees would cheat Tom out of his commission. This would be unethical. Tom deserves his commission; he should not be asked or told to give this up. The Shoe Store has very clear company policies. Company policy does not allow two employees to split the commission (UOPX, 2013, para. 5). As stated previously, having Tom give up his commission would not be fair. Company policy rotates employees to keep commissions as fair and equal as possible (UOPX, 2013, para. 5). Manager Bob need to explain to Imelda as nicely and calmly as possible that he is very sorry, but cannot provide her with a female employee. Bob should promise Imelda that Tom is a very nice man and that she will be in very capable hands; ensure her that Tom knows shoes and will treat her and her feet right. Bob should smile and guarantee her that she will be happy with the service she receives. Bob should apologize for the problem, explain that he contacted his regional manager to see if he could make an exception to company policy this time and was told no, and explain that the company risks a discrimination lawsuit. Finally, tell Imelda that he understands if she chooses to shop elsewhere today and apologize again. Bob should not get into an argument with the customer; it is out of the stores control. Conclusion Knowing the law is important for any manager. When questions arise that cannot be answered easily, ask for help. Title VII does not allow discrimination because of gender, meaning a man cannot be treated differently from a female and visa verse. In this case, all must be treated equally. Company policy will not allow Tom and Mary to split the commission and asking Tom to give up his commission would be illegal. Imelda will need to make her own decision whether to shop at the Shoe Store and allow Tom to assist her or leave for another store or until another day. The company must do what is right and legal. The store must treats its employees properly and do what is legal and ethical. Whereas Imelda may not be happy, the company cannot do anything that may bring a lawsuit against them. How to cite The Shoe Store Incident, Papers

Public and Private Policing free essay sample

Police, Securityguard, Security, Crimeprevention, Constable, Criminaljustice, SurveillancePublic and Private Policing The growing privatization of police services is a global phenomenon. It was first widely noted in the United States in a 1972 Rand Corporation study commissioned by the National Institute of Justice. Several years later, Stenning and Shearing observed that a â€Å"quiet revolution† toward private policing had occurred in Canada. South documented a similar trend in both western and eastern European countries. And an update of the original Rand assessment in 1985 concluded that private security outspent public law enforcement by 73 percent and employed two and a half times as many people. Public and private policing have many similarities, as well as differences and the distinction between public and private police are often blurred. Private policing, while emerging as a new industry, is not a new phenomenon and predates the existence of public police as witnessed today (Wilson 1994, p. 285). There are at least three reasons for the dramatic increase. First, in both post-industrial and developing nations, there has been an increase in what Stenning and Shearing call â€Å"mass private property†: shopping malls and gated communities. These spaces have traditionally fallen outside of the domain of public police, although this is now changing. Second, the fear of crime among those with property has grown faster than government’s willingness to spend more money on police protection. In many countries, this fear of crime among the propertied classes was intensified by the transition from authoritarian to democratic rule. Third, private police forces have often placed a higher priority on visible patrol than public police, hoping to deter crime through their presence. As early as 1971 Scott and McPherson worried that private policing might infringe upon civil liberties with impunity. Formal and familiar mechanisms exist around the world to hold public police accountable for their actions, but accountability mechanisms for private police are less well understood and often emanate from private rather than public institutions. In many cases, the state has little power or incentive to hold private police accountable. Stenning, however, believes that the inadequate accountability of private police has been overstated; marketplace competition, consumer pressures, demands of organized labor, and potential civil liability, he argues, compensate for lesser state regulation and oversight. Public policing has been known to have a monopoly on policing until the increased trend of private policing in the United States. Public police consist of the governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. Private policing refers to that policing activity of crime prevention, detection and apprehension carried out by private organizations or agents for commercial purposes. Private policing may be defined to include those people who work for a security company or are employed by an individual or firm to carry out security work, crowd control or private investigations. In seeking to describe the policing activity of private police, however, most functional definitions stem from the perceived role of the public police (Nalla Newman, 1990). Private police look and behave like public police and describing their function often involves a comparison of the activities and responsibilities of the two. Despite the differences, public and private police tend to mirror each other to a certain extent (Nalla Newman, 1990). Private policing is provided by a private individual or organization, rather than by a public body or the state like public policing is. Private police are seen to be concerned with the protection of personal and corporate interest while public police represent the interests of the public and seek to enforce the regulations of the judicial system. The police are persons with a special legal status employed by governments to preserve the peace (Shearing, Farnell Stenning, 1980,) Private policing, in comparison to public policing, has been described as passive policing as to active policing, or as proactive and preventative rather than reactive: where public police generally react to the crime, private police through surveillance and presentation are seen to prevent crime. (Wilson 1994) Private policing targets private crime and is in the business of protecting private and corporate interests. Private policing usually operates behind the traditional and legal boundaries where the public police cannot lawfully cross unless by invitation or probable cause. This leads to the private policing sector having a broader enterprise than public policing, with a wider range of functions. (South, 1988, p. 4) One difference between public and private police is private investigators are hired by individuals or businesses for a certain purpose and work mostly behind the scenes or undercover doing surveillance while Public policing is known to society as the police who protect our communities and arrest those individuals who commit crime. Public policing has the role to maintain law and order, preserve peace and prevent crime. Public police are employed by governments and paid for by tax dollars and grants. Another difference between the role of public and private policing is the private providers of security is their flexibility. They can, and will, perform most tasks they get paid to do. Their customers can demand a lot from them, since they are directly answerable to the paying clients and their needs. The private entrepreneurs are also forced to do right by the market. If they fail, they will lose their money. Public police do not have the negotiation factor and are paid on salary, no matter how they perform or how efficient they are in performing their duties. Many have said that private policing is for the rich and public policing is for the poor. This could be effectively argued based on the fact that private policing is not designed to consider the general good for society, like public policing. Private policing is primarily protecting the interests of their paying clients and focuses more on loss prevention, rather than crime prevention. Private policing has been scrutinized and concern has expressed that private security can be overly intrusive, less than scrupulous in its adherence to self-imposed guidelines and, on occasion, the law, and threatening to civil liberties. Although public and private both play a major role in society, they do have different responsibilities. The responsibilities of a public officer include preserving the peace, preventing crimes and other offenses, assisting victims of crime, apprehending criminals, laying charges, prosecuting and participating in prosecutions, executing warrants, performing the lawful duties assigned by the chief of police, and completing the required training. The responsibilities of a private officer include training for private investigators and security guards is generally the responsibility of the employer. No license is required if the private investigator or security guard is hired . in house,. which means that he or she is an employee of, for example, an insurance company, court house, law firm, or store. Compared with police officers, private security in Canada is characterized by the following: lower wages, minimum or no recruitment standards, higher percentage of part-time work, higher turnover rate, lower levels of education, and minimum or no training (Marin,1997). In conclusion, Public and private policing are major components in the criminal justice field. It would be impossible for our communities to feel secure without the combination of both forces. The focus has been on public and private policing to effectively interact and cooperate with each other. Understanding the importance of one anothers responsibilities and roles could lead to a great partnership. Throughout recent years, some law enforcement agencies have come to realize how to benefit from private policing. Private security personnel differ from police officers in a number of ways. Private security personnel work for clients who pay them for services rendered, while police officers are responsible for serving and protecting the public. Minimum requirements and training are considerably less for private security than for police officers.

Evidence-based practice Essay Example

Evidence-based practice Paper Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a wide ranging term with a large and multi-faceted meaning. Traditionally, a narrow definition may refer to EBP as de-emphasising intuition, unsystematic clinical experience and stresses the examination of clinical evidence from research (Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group, 1992). This definition misses the current broad and overarching nature of evidence-based practice. A more broad and current definition by the McMaster University Evidence Based Medicine Group (1996) identifies implications for the research used, for example concepts such as validity and appropriate data collection methods, as well as acknowledging patient preference as an important factor. Evidence-based practice has become a cornerstone of a variety of professional conduct, for example, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) mandates, for example, that all advice given to patients is based upon the best available evidence (NMC, 2008). The evidence provided by research does not, however, necessarily mandate a change in practice: the whole purpose of EBP is to use available research to inform practice, and as a result of good judgement by practitioners ensure that as healthcare professionals we do what is best by our patients (Sackett, 1996). The paper selected for analysis is called Effective and Sustainable Multimedia Education for Children with Asthma: A Randomized Control Trial (Krishna et al. 2006). Asthma is a common condition, affecting more than 5. million people in the UK as of 2004 (Asthma UK, 2004), costing the British economy more than  £ 2. 3 billion a year in a combination of NHS costs, lost days due to sickness etc. (Asthma UK, 2004). In 2001, 69,000 hospital admissions were directly related to asthma: more than 40,000 of these were adult admissions (Department of Health, 2001). With a combination of good education and access to appropriate healthcare services, these admissions could be reduced: chi ldren in good control of their condition are much less likely to require hospital admissions after transfer to adult services (Department of Health, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evidence-based practice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, as an adult nurse, I can see that the correct education in relation to asthma as a child can only benefit the patients that I take care of in the future. A possible specific question that the researchers aim to answer is presented as part of an introductory sentence. The overall aim of the study appears to be to improve asthma care by trying a different method of information-giving (i. e. multimedia presentation). The question appears to be equivocal: according to Cormack and Benton (2000) a good question will involve some mention of the different variables involved, something that this question fails to do. Following on from this is a list of five specific hypotheses that the study aimed to examine. Despite the lack of a clear and explicit research question, these hypotheses serve to focus the research: they form a clear, measurable guide as to what the researchers expect from the results (Hek Moule, 2006). However, this particular study only examines two of the five hypotheses, as the other three were already examined thoroughly in a previous study. This indicates that the bulk of the study was already completed, possibly in some form of pilot study. Therefore, this specific study only examines a small proportion of what it initially intended. Unfortunately, a copy of the previous research could not be found, and therefore specific details cannot be ascertained. The paper appears to be quantitative in nature: the researchers are seeking to test hypotheses, have operationalised the concepts to be measured and have created, in advance, the tools with which to measure the outcomes (Parahoo, 2006). Further more, the title of the article states that the research is a randomised control trial (RCT). Research of quantitative design is intended to look at facts and figures rather than opinions, be objective, rather than subjective and produce hard and fast data that can be applied to a larger population (Carter, 1996). This study aims to test two hypotheses: one will be tested using numbers (the results of spirometry) and the other using results from a Likert-scale questionnaire, again producing a number (a percentage). Therefore, a qualitative design, whereby opinions and feelings would be recorded would be inappropriate (Carter, 1996). Of course, it could be argued that the quantitative method of asking opinions is a qualitative design, rather than quantitative. The very fact that the researchers are asking for opinions could be considered inherently qualitative, as any results obtained would be subjective, that is personal to the respondent. This potentially would make the study a mixed methods design, whereby both quantitative and qualitative design aspects are incorporated into a single study (Hek Moule, 2006). This design has advantages, such as increasing the scope of research: not only is factual data obtained, but is then complemented by the thoughts and feelings of the target group. This allows conclusions to be broader and relevant (Arthur Nazroo, 2003). Conversely, a mixed-method study may produce contradictory results, and it may be difficult, if not impossible to ascertain which data is accurate, therefore rendering the research potentially useless (Maggs-Rapport, 2000). True to the design of a RCT, the study incorporates two groups: an experimental group (receiving both traditional and multimedia interventions) and a control group (receiving only the traditional intervention). The purpose of the control group is primarily to give a comparison, in this case, comparing the new intervention with the old. This system can be inherently unethical, discussed in later sections. As previously stated, the study claims to be a randomised control trial (RCT), more specifically an open experiment, meaning that everyone participating in the study was aware of who was in which group and it was conducted within a controlled environment. In this case, it is quite appropriate to use an RCT, as the questions posed by the study seem best answered with this means. Randomised control studies are designed to be carried out within a practice environment, within which variables can be easily controlled or manipulated (Hek Moule, 2006). Unfortunately, although experiment-design studies are easier to control, the do have some disadvantages. For example, they can be seen to be particularly susceptible to the Hawthorne Effect, whereby participants responses are skewed by the knowledge that they are in a trial (Carter, 1996). An open design, in this specific case, was probably the only way to make this study feasible. Blinding the participants to the theme of the study would have proved extremely difficult, and also quite unethical given the ages of the participants (Parahoo, 2006). A possible alternative design could have been based more around a qualitative design: placing more emphasis on the personal experience of the patient after using the multimedia software provided and the traditional methods. A semi-structured interview, whereby all of the participants are interviewed, using a set of questions to provide a loose structure (Hek Moule, 2006), would have allowed a more subjective view of patient experiences, but suffers from being completely subjective, as well as expensive, difficult to measure and almost impossible to apply to an entire population (Bell, 2005). It is also a method fraught with reliability issues: for example, interviewing is not necessarily an innate skill, and those conducting the interviews will need to be experienced, so as not to inadvertently lead the participant, or provide any cues that may influence the respondent (Hek Moule, 2006). The sample used in this experiment consisted initially of 246 children fitting the recruitment criterion, falling to 228 after attrition for various reasons. The sample appears to be convenience sample: the participants were obtained from a population that the researcher had easy access to (Parahoo, 2006). It appears that the initial 246 children were those that responded positively to participating in the trial from 1000 children asked. This, however, is not explicitly stated, and has been interpreted from given information. The use of convenience sampling is appropriate for the research design. This method of sampling involves selecting participants that are easily available (Herek, 1997), in this case attendees at the researchers clinics. Convenience, or accidental, sampling can be appropriate for a number of different reasons. For example, the researchers in this case needed to gain access to a very specific group of patients, namely asthmatic children, and therefore any asthmatic children presenting at the clinic would fit the criteria. It is therefore a cheap and easy method of gaining participants (Parahoo, 2006). Although a large number of research papers use such a method (Webb, 2003), it does have some rather unfortunate drawbacks. For example, patients attending the clinic would have been from a rather small region, and therefore the sample and by default the research findings could not be said to be representative of the population (Hek Moule, 2006), something that quantitative research seeks to achieve. An alternative method of sampling could be stratified random sampling, whereby the potential participants are randomly selected according a specific frame, accounting for variables such as ethnic group and gender, thus ensuring that a more accurate representation of the population is obtained (Hunt Tyrrell, 2001). Unfortunately, this sampling method can become extremely complex: as only 1000 potential participants were initially identified, accounting for several different variables could have resulted in an extremely small sample (Hunt Tyrrell, 2001). Indeed, in order to increase this sample size could become extremely expensive and time-consuming. In order to be applicable to a population, an appropriate sample size is needed that reflects the population as a whole (Parahoo, 2006). According to Hek and Moule (2006), a smaller sample size is more appropriate to a qualitative study (interested in the quality of the information) rather than a qualitative study (interested in gaining more information to make wider judgements). As this study has been identified as quantitative, a larger sample size would be expected (Hek Moule, 2006). As approximately 20 million Americans suffer from asthma (this being an American study), a convenience sample of 228 children can hardly be representative of this number. The research makes no justification or explanation as to why such a small number was used, something that would be expected for such an unusually small sample (Parahoo, 2006). Data collection methods refer to the methods/tools used by the researchers to obtain their data for analysis. In this case, the data collection methods included a variety of questionnaires were used, as well as demographic forms and the physiological measurement of forced expiratory volumes/flows (FEV): both FEV1 and FEF75%. A questionnaire is popular method of data collection, especially for quantitative research, mainly because it is predetermined, standardised and structured: three important and defining factors in quantitative research (Leung, 2001). That is not to say that, when correctly used, it does not have a place within qualitative research (Hek Moule, 2006). Questionnaires, in this case, were used for the most of the data collection. The use of questionnaires, although potentially quite difficult, can be advantageous. A well-designed questionnaire can be a fast, objective and comprehensive tool used to collect large amounts of data from very large populations in a reasonably small time frame (Milne, 1999). In this case, the questionnaires were filled out within the environment of the clinic, meaning that not only could several different people be participating at the same time, response rates would also have been exceptionally high (a common downfall of the questionnaire can be poor return rate). Questionnaires can be quite difficult to design and implement for several different reasons. For example, they can be expensive to develop and may require piloting before mainstream use (Parahoo, 2006). In this case, the majority of the questionnaires were designed by the researchers themselves, rather than using previously-validated examples, which could be costly (Parahoo, 2006). In such a case, the reliability and validity of the tool could be called into question. The lack of independent validation can mean that a poor quality questionnaire is employed, which could then impact upon the validity of the results (Milne, 1999). The results of questionnaires can also be quite limiting: respondents may not get to sufficiently give their views as there is no facility for this in a standardised format (Milne, 1999). An alternative to the questionnaire approach could have taken the form of some type of debriefing interview, for example a structured, one to one interview with a researcher using a guiding questionnaire. The advantages of this qualitative method of data collection include the sheer volume of information that can be obtained, as well as the potential for a much deeper understanding of patients feelings (Arthur Nazroo, 2003). Unfortunately, such an interview would be extremely time-consuming, and therefore not appropriate for a quantitative design structure. The data analysis section of the research appears initially to be quite comprehensive. The presence of a specific data analysis plan indicates that this section was well thought out and planned in advance. Despite this, the statistics are quite complex and difficult to follow. Selection of data evaluation techniques depends upon a number of variables, for example the sample size, sample method and research design (Parahoo, 2006). The researchers make quite extensive use of significance tests: for example, the t-test used to compare the means average results between the control and experimental groups and by extension the p-value of 0. 05 are both valid and appropriate data analysis techniques in these circumstances (Parahoo, 2006). Unfortunately, the results of the t-test can be quite difficult to interpret, as the researchers have neglected to include a value for the degrees of freedom. Without this value, it is impossible to extrapolate the parameters for such a t-value, and therefore an accuracy statement is impossible. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test employed to determine significant difference also seems to be an appropriate test. Significant different in this case refers to the odds that the difference between experimental and a control group is down to chance (Statistics. com, 2007). The CMH test is one such test, and seems to have been employed appropriately to show that the significant differences between the groups were not down to chance in all cases. With regard to presentation of data, two charts were presented: one relating to the spirometry results and the other the results of the questionnaire on acceptance of interactive multimedia. The table relating to lung function test shows data concerning both the experimental and control groups, including both their mean results and the standard deviation. The mean result refers to the average of the results over 12 months (Parahoo, 2006), whereas the standard deviation identifies how far around the mean the data was spread (Hek Moule, 2006). From this chart, it can be inferred that lung function improved in both groups over a period of twelve months, but improved more in the experimental group than the control group. This method of presenting the data is both clear and easy to interpret (Donnan, 1996). The chart representing acceptance of interactive multimedia shows what percentage of participants circled each response in the relevant questionnaire. From looking at the chart, it can be inferred, for example, that 100% of participants found the program very or somewhat easy, or that 71% found the program very or somewhat interesting. The relevant questionnaire was, as previously stated, designed along the 5-point Likert scale design, and as such was intended to provide a spectrum of responses for participants feelings. It appears that the researchers are using both of the positive responses, rather than breaking the results down into 5 different bands. As the Likert scale was designed to be interpreted using the 5 different bands individually (Likert, 1932), it seems that the results are in fact incorrectly presented. There are a wide variety of different tests that could have replaced any one of the different statistical tests employed. For example, instead of the CMH test, the Chi squared test could have been employed: both are non-parametric tests and both look for significance between two variables (Parahoo, 2006). Ethically, the study appears quite sound on face value. Hek and Moule (2006) set out four different ethical aspects that should be considered in any research: the principles of veracity, justice, beneficence and fidelity/respect. The researchers, for example, showed beneficence. This corresponds to not doing any harm to the participants, ensuring that participants benefit from the study and that the weak/vulnerable are protected from harm (Hek Moule, 2006). This is demonstrated by the inclusion of at least the standard, approved intervention for all of the patients: no-one was explicitly refused help. Veracity refers to ensuring that the truth is always told to participants, and that they are entitled to full disclosure before participating in research (Hek Moule, 2006). Again, this seems to have been implemented quite well: the fundamental design of the study was open, so that all involved were aware of what group they were placed in. Justice refers to being equal to all participants, and not favouring some over others. It also includes being non-discriminatory and ensuring that patients needs are made the priority over the study (Hek Moule, 2006). The sampling method employed ensured that most discrimination was eliminated: the first 1000 attendees were asked to participate. Unfortunately, it appears that by providing extra support to one group over another, the research team could have been seen to be favouring one group over the other. However, as the entire purpose of the study was to prove that the extra intervention made a difference to outcomes, this flaw is inherently unavoidable. Fidelity and respect refer to an array of factors including promoting independence among the participants, respecting autonomy, dignity and providing the right to self-determination and providing anonymity (Hek Moule, 2006). Promoting independence could be interpreted as being promoted by providing the additional intervention: participants of the study were encouraged to use the multimedia system independently as far as possible. All of the patient data was made anonymous by converting patient names into numbers prior to randomisation. Finally, the right of patients to withdraw was made apparent by the initial attrition rate experienced. Some unfortunate ethical issues that seem to have been overlooked include some serious consent issues. The researchers state that the child and caregiver had to be willing to sign a consent form before being allowed to participate. However, there is no mention of informed consent made. Informed consent means that patients are given sufficient information and sufficient time to process that information and provide understanding before consenting (Parahoo, 2006). It has been suggested that for informed consent to be obtained, a cooling off period should be allowed, whereby the participants could change there mind and opt out. The results of the study seem quite promising. From a wider perspective, the results show that the experimental group faired better than the control group, indicating that the intervention provided was at least not detrimental to the overall health of the participants. They show that given the extra intervention, outcomes are improved. The results also seem to prove the two hypotheses tested: lung function was improved, and the improvement was shown to be statistically significant, plus the additional intervention provided was acceptable, and was again statistically significant to within a given value for p. Looking more in depth, the analysis of the data does seem to have been slightly misconstrued, specifically the interpretation of the data obtained from the additional intervention questionnaire. From a clarity perspective, the results are quite difficult to interpret at an undergraduate level student with little previous experience, although the target audience of the research is probably not undergraduate nursing students. The overall validity and usefulness of the results are difficult to interpret. For instance, the sample size seemed to be extremely small, and therefore when the researchers imply that multimedia education can improve all outcomes, the results do not necessarily back up this assumption. The impact that this study will have on policy has the potential to be quite significant. Internet access is now quite common in the western world, and most children are familiar with the reasonably computer-literate. Therefore, adding this particular intervention into the current framework for care could be quite beneficial, although it would probably be more appropriate further research to be carried out before widespread integration. A recent study by Lintonen et al (2007) intimated that the use of information technology, although still in its infancy, had the potential to be developed into a powerful tool for health promotion, as demonstrated through several different current applications, such as smoking cessation. The Essence of Care Health Promotion Benchmarks (DOH, 2006) indicate that patients should have access to information in a way that meets their needs, as well as identifying that a range of different methods should be used in health promotion. This system could be another method by which this is achieved. With regard to current policy, this study neither supports nor challenges: instead, it seeks to augment current practice with the addition of another type of intervention. Conversely, it does raise some interesting questions regarding current policy. For example, why this type of intervention has not been further researched or even already implemented? As the research in itself appears to be quite limited in several ways, further research into the topic could pave the way for such a system to be implemented within the UK. This further research, of course, would need to be quite different from the current research. For example, a much larger sample size would help to provide further validity to findings, whereas integrating more qualitative methods, such as possibly interviewing a selection of participants may help to provide further depth. This particular piece of research fits into practice in a number of ways. It has allowed the exploration of several key ethical issues in more depth, such as consent issues for children and adults, as well as issues surrounding informed consent. As little was mentioned with regard to informed consent, it can only be assumed that this was not felt relevant, something from a healthcare angle can be seen as quite unprofessional. It has also shown that information technology in healthcare should be used much more comprehensively: the technology is available for health promotion systems such as this to be implemented, something that patients may find useful.

Free Essays on Prevail To Survive

Everyone is faced with a frightening decision that their survival depends upon, like this summer when I went bridge jumping for the first time with some friends. We had just arrived at the bridge by Rush Lake when my friend, Chris, pulled up on his motorcycle. I decided I’d sneak up on him, jump on, and give him a big wet hug. When I jumped on I had swung my foot around and told him to take off, but what I thought I was putting my foot on was actually the muffler. I screamed and jumped off and realized that I couldn’t feel an ounce of pain where my foot had touched. Five minutes later, though, the pain had started and my foot began throbbing. I was feeling the most pain I had ever been in before and I knew I needed to get to a hospital. Instead, we went to a gas station and picked up some burn cream and a bag of ice. The burn cream didn’t help much, but the ice was like putting a pacifier in a baby’s mouth. Later, at home that night, my mom told me that I needed to ease myself off the ice so I wouldn’t wake up at night in pain. Taking the ice off only made things worse. My mom rushed me to the hospital with my head out the window screaming and hyperventilating. At the hospital, the nurse gave me the option to receive a shot, which I fear, of medication. Though I was scared, I decided I’d go through with the procedure. The injection was painful, but I knew it was worthwhile because the medication stopped the pain and put me in a happy, relaxed state of mind. Moreover, though we may be faced with a decision that has a negative outcome we may fear, the right decision will prevail to be better in the long run. Though they may not be invited to some social events, some students may choose not to drink underage because they know getting caught can affect their reputation for years to come. There is no doubt that the young adults currently serving in the military live with fear, no matter where they are stationed. That fear is part... Free Essays on Prevail To Survive Free Essays on Prevail To Survive Everyone is faced with a frightening decision that their survival depends upon, like this summer when I went bridge jumping for the first time with some friends. We had just arrived at the bridge by Rush Lake when my friend, Chris, pulled up on his motorcycle. I decided I’d sneak up on him, jump on, and give him a big wet hug. When I jumped on I had swung my foot around and told him to take off, but what I thought I was putting my foot on was actually the muffler. I screamed and jumped off and realized that I couldn’t feel an ounce of pain where my foot had touched. Five minutes later, though, the pain had started and my foot began throbbing. I was feeling the most pain I had ever been in before and I knew I needed to get to a hospital. Instead, we went to a gas station and picked up some burn cream and a bag of ice. The burn cream didn’t help much, but the ice was like putting a pacifier in a baby’s mouth. Later, at home that night, my mom told me that I needed to ease myself off the ice so I wouldn’t wake up at night in pain. Taking the ice off only made things worse. My mom rushed me to the hospital with my head out the window screaming and hyperventilating. At the hospital, the nurse gave me the option to receive a shot, which I fear, of medication. Though I was scared, I decided I’d go through with the procedure. The injection was painful, but I knew it was worthwhile because the medication stopped the pain and put me in a happy, relaxed state of mind. Moreover, though we may be faced with a decision that has a negative outcome we may fear, the right decision will prevail to be better in the long run. Though they may not be invited to some social events, some students may choose not to drink underage because they know getting caught can affect their reputation for years to come. There is no doubt that the young adults currently serving in the military live with fear, no matter where they are stationed. That fear is part...

The concerns will be with regard to population in the Research Paper

The concerns will be with regard to population in the - Research Paper Example According to the pilot issue of Horizon: Future Issues for Development, in an article entitled â€Å"Population Growth, Environment and Food Security: What Does the Future Hold?,† human population growth is â€Å"the most significant cause† of many of the problems that the world faces like climate change, poverty and scarcity of food resources. By around 2050, the growth of the world’s population will be by 2.7 billion thus resulting in an estimated total of 9 billion people by that time (Collodi & McCormack, 2009). This significant increase in the human population will definitely outrun the supply of natural resources and will definitely force man to exploit the natural environment for the sake of survival. In the table below from the United Nations Population Fund, one can see that the projected population of the world by 2050 is either 7 billion still, or 10.5 billion as the upper limit, or ideally at 9 billion. One of the problems caused by overpopulation that will most likely affect the world on a global scale is environmental degradation. The overwhelming growth in population is expected to lead to unsustainable demands on the environment as well as natural resources. There is also a consequent production of hazardous waste and an intensified level of urbanization, both of which are expected to contribute to the degradation of the environment. There is also climate change due to the increase in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by around 52% by 2050. Aside from this, water is expected to be scarce, and that 90% of freshwater supply will be gone even by 2030. Moreover, there is also an expected doubling of the demands for energy all over the world even 20 years from now. There is also a considerable loss of biodiversity, destruction of many ecosystems, and renewable environmental resources because of excessive draining of wetlands, clearing of forests and expansion of infrastructure (Collodi & McCormack, 2009). Another global problem

LLB UNIT 10 SUCCESSION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LLB UNIT 10 SUCCESSION - Essay Example Henry and Len call in to see you and ask the following questions:- Having died without leaving a will or without having made a valid will, Mrs Mould will be considered to have died intestate and therefore the rules of intestacy governed by the Administration of Estates Act 1925 (as amended) and the Intestates Act, 1952 (and various other amendments contained in the Family Provision Act, 1966, The Family Law Reform Act, 1969 and The Family Provision (Intestate Succession) Order, 1972) apply to her estate, which is worth approximately 238,000. By not leaving a will any wishes Mrs Mould had for the allocation of her estate to friends, relatives and other beneficiaries will be ignored. How the estate will be allocated depends on the value of the estate and the deceased's family circumstances. The law in this area is concerned with bloodlines, rather than merit, or the verbally expressed will of the intestate. Not only does it recognise human improvidence, but also that calamities and unfairness occurs within human affairs. It sets out to ensure that there is no discrimination on personal whim. It is not concerned with blame. Due to the increasing complexity of family trees, this area can become ripe for litigation. However, Mrs Mould could be described as being from a 'once-normal nuclear family' where the bloodlines are easily ascertained. If there is both a spouse and children then all personal poss... 2. Surviving children (referred to as 'issue'). 3. Surviving parents. 4. Surviving brothers and sisters of whole blood ie having the same biological parents. 5. Surviving relations of a lesser degree. In the event that the surviving spouse is the only living relative of the deceased (ie no parents or siblings of whole blood), then the estate passes absolutely to that spouse. If there is both a spouse and children then all personal possessions (except business property) and the first 125,000 goes to the remaining spouse free of death duty (inheritance tax) and costs absolutely, with (if possible) interest. The remaining spouse is also entitled to a life interest in half of the residue which is to be invested in a trust from which the spouse will receive income during his/her lifetime. The remaining property then goes to the children via 'statutory trusts'. The definition of 'Statutory trusts' can be found in s.47 Administration of Estates Act 1925. The deceased's property will be held in equal shares for all 'living' (including unborn) children of the estate. On the death of the remaining spouse the children automatically inherit the remaining capital once they reach their majority, ie under current UK law, the child either attains the age of eighteen and/or marries before that age. If there are children but no spouse the estate is shared equally among the children via a statutory trust. Importantly, the child or children of any deceased child (ie grandchildren) will get the share of their deceased parent and if more than one, in equal shares. Where the only remaining relatives are the spouse and whole blood relatives as described above, then the spouse inherits all personal chattels, the first 200,000 plus a life-interest in half of the

Customer Relationship Management Techniques

Customer Relationship Management Techniques Competition between enterprises is becoming more intense in the 21st century. Economy is depressed, the industrial structure is changing, and unemployment is at a record rate in India. Under these competitive pressures, it is important to impress and improve the relationship with the customer. Because of the power of information and telecommunications technologies, business can track their customers and determine what they really want and how they actually use the product. Analyzing the information returned from customers and products, business can provide active and accurate service to the right customer through the right channel at the right time and increase customer satisfaction. This paper refers the Customer Service in Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Information Technology (IT) concepts to analyze and understand the customers needs and realize the competencies of support groups within the enterprise. The customers can therefore be better served and the efficiency and effectiveness of internal company support groups can be improved. The knowledge and experience not accumulated can be solved and the cost of manpower and services reduced. A growing number of organizations have implemented or are considering implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies for the purpose of becoming more customers focused. Despite this trend, there remains a relative dearth of academic literature relating to examining the realities of achieving such organizational objectives. CRM systems can be viewed as strategic and operational information systems aimed at enabling organizations to realize a customer focus (Bull 2003). A significant number of organizations operating in diverse business environments have or are considering adopting Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems (Fjermestad and Romano Jr 2003). Despite this phenomenal growth the organizational record of the successful development and utilizing of such systems is mixed. Some studies of CRM systems projects conclude that organizations are struggling to achieve improvements in customer performance (Giga 2001). However, others highlight a more positive scena rio (Davenport, Harris et al. 2001). As the organizational adoption and utilization of CRM systems evolves, a clearer appreciation and understanding of how CRM systems can affect customer performance should emerge. This study focuses on an integrated Customer Relationship Management (CRM) structure to understand the implications and application of business alternatives using a questionnaire with CRM integration on the Textile industry in India. We will study business CRM implementation using Marketing Strategy Management, Customer Value Analysis, Customer Relationship Management, and Information Technology Application. This studys goals are: (1) Analyzes the key factors of CRM success from scholars and the positive CRM implementation effects to construct a CRM model; (2) Compares the differences between business scale and CRM implementation; (3) Compares the differences between business location and CRM implementation; (4) Determines key CRM success factors and related principles to provide a reference for the Textile industry with a defined CRM model. 2. Literature review 2.1 A brief history of Customer Relationship Management Beginning in the early 1980s, in the United States Customer Relationship Management was called Contact Management. Information was collected from customers and companies. In the early 1990s, call centers were generated and the customer service information analysis function was performed through data warehouse, data mining, and others technologies. Now, Web-enabled Call Centers are used to enlarge the market and determine customer initiated value-added services [1]. 2.2 The various aspects of Customer Relationship Management Kalakota and Robinson [9] considered that the appropriate CRM structure could be realized through three aspects: taking customers from other firms, enhancing customer from other firms, and maintaining the current customer base. Different management functions are needed to achieve the integrated CRM structure. By developing relationships between the business and customers, CRM could be separated into taking customers, serving customers, and customer analysis. Business could use customer profiles effectively to provide real-time, excellent customer service. This is a beginning in developing the next customer through analyzing the customers needs. To realize the four core relations at the center, CRM makes cycling the customer relation process through customer development and data feedback. It is the final target to make customer satisfied and creating profits in different functional collocation of customer relation. However, we can establish an integrated CRM structure involving three topics: Core Relations, Customer Relations, and Information Technology, by centralizing customer analysis [13]. 2.3 The theory of relationship marketing As the time trend evolving and consumer conscious raising, the traditional marketing theory will develop. Kotler [11] considered that the theory of marketing management is generated by five different operating principles (1) production concept; (2) product concept; (3) sales concept; (4) marketing concept, and (5) social market concept. He also considered that the different levels of customer relationship will separate relationship marketing into (1) basic marketing, (2) reactive marketing, (3) accountable marketing, (4) proactive marketing, and (5) partnership marketing. However, under marketing theory development, the traditional sales principles were not suited to the market of today. In business, the important task is how to use relationship marketing with integrated marketing effectively to strive for customer loyalty. Integrated marketing has progressively formed this concept. Kotler [11] considered integrated marketing as all of the divisions in the business that provide servi ces that make satisfied customers. Executing this involves two levels: (1) sales strength, (2) the collaboration of advertisement and product marketing management. At the same time, all related marketing activities must collaborate with all other divisions. To promote collaboration between all divisions, a business had to execute the external marketing and internal marketing. The external marketing is business adopted marketing activities to the external customer. The internal marketing is how to select, train, and motivate employees to provide the best service to the customer. 2.4 Value Compass Perspectives The value compass determines the value of four customer relationship perspectives was brought out by Wayland [5]. It is the strategy the best value of collaboration between business and business through correct connection. We will introduce the four perspectives that the value compass decides the value of customer relationship as follows. 2.4.1 Customer Portfolio Management Customer portfolio management means that how to choice the valuable customer relationship and management principles. It can be separated into three items: (1) Market level. Business makes the portfolio target as all customers in the wide market. The best purchasing-power customer is the best valuable customer. (2) Group level. The object is certainty distinguish or different type group customers. They could give the supplier rich feedback. Managers provide service, which satisfies customers special needs. (3) Individual level. Business has to know deeper customer knowledge and adopt individual management when the needs are very different in relation value, preference, and individual needs. 2.4.2 The setup of value position The value position is meaning that the value exchange degree between buyer and seller. Business will provide much service in the value chain or total experience for the customer to increase the value of the customer relationship. This can be separated into three items: (1) Core product. It can be defined clearly as the special part of customer value chain. Supplier can improve core product or service to reduce the cost of customer. (2) Extended service. Increase more related buyers value chain or total experience. This means that sellers could provide much service for customer to achieve the customers needs. (3) Total resolution alternative. It is wider value position that sellers will intervene in buyers who satisfied or achieved targets to adopt activities including the interrelation and communication channel between them. 2.4.3 Value-added role Value-added role is how business seeks out obtaining the best profit feedback position between customer and suppliers in related value chain. It can be separated into three roles: (1) Product manager. This is a series of interrelated activities and business behaviors that provide a product to buyers; (2) Process manager. It is a multi-perspective connected model between a customer and supplier. The process manager customer relationship involves all position in value position, but it refers to the wider value exchange; (3) Network manager. It involves multi-perspective between buyers and sellers and the connection of related groups. 2.4.4 Reward and Risk sharing The interactive between customers and suppliers is basic on value creating and value sharing. There are three different represented positions as follows: (1) Market-base sharing. It is the basic model of the reward and risk sharing. This was decided by the market and possessed neutral characteristic. (2) Expression-base sharing. In the future, it will hold and operate the price of some products that are risk-taking and uncertainty. They usually determine the risk by negotiation to develop the extend relationship. Quality assurance and after-selling service is common model of risk-taking. (3) Result-base sharing. It is partnering all most people mean joint risk-taking. However, the sharing reward is based on the degree of plan success. Customer portfolio management Added-value role Reward and risk sharing The setup of value position Individual Group Product manager Market Process manager Network manager Result-base Expression-base Market-base Core product Extend service Total resolution alternative Figure 1: Value compass 2.5 Customer Service Management There are three customer service parts including construct service system, after-sales service, and satisfaction investigation. The services provided involve before sales, sale, and after-sale. As business can provide perfect selling process in spot, they can keep the customer to increase opportunity of profit. However, all kinds of follow-up service, it can not only strive customer loyalty and compensate for customer dissatisfied but also stop negative product information from spreading. At the same time, as better understanding of what satisfies the customer, the business learns to provide improved products and services. 2.5.1 Service System Construction Rohit [12] considers that when a business builds a service system, a service design and service delivery process are involved. (1) Service design. Considers the product characteristics suitable for different services. (2) Service delivery. Considers the environment in which the service is provided, and a whole set of alternatives to ensure that service quality is achieved between the salesman and customer. Until now, most business has established a specific customer service department to handle customer related services. The administration in charge of design and controlling customer service, planning and executing all kinds of sales services occur on the spot. It, the call center or service center, will help the business deliver customer service. 2.5.2 After-sales service Management After-sales service is all kinds of services asked for after the sale is completed. This is separated into extended service satisfaction, confirmation management and after-sales service. (1) Satisfaction confirmation management. Business takes the initiative for completed consumer to confirm the product use condition and satisfaction. In the execution of after-sales services, how much resources the business inputs is divided into four items: (a) product questionnaire feedback, (b) acknowledgement letter delivery, (c) telephone interviewing, (d) sales interview. (2) The management of customers complain. An example of the general customer call process, business should obey the following principles to increase customer satisfaction: (a) Calm down the customers feelings, (b) List the emergency, (c) Express concern, (d) Afford redress, (e) Conduct a follow-up investigation. 2.5.3 Customer Satisfaction Investigation A complete customer satisfaction investigation should have overall planning to raise the validity and reliability in investigation result. The identification and supporting of senior manager will affect the result. Only senior manager support should set the investigated target to achieve customer satisfaction through developing research, analysis, and result application. We can separate the complete customer satisfaction investigation process into eight items as follows: (1) senior manager support; (2) investigation target identification; (3) investigation plan; (4) questionnaire list; (5) questionnaire execution; (6) questionnaire result analysis; (7) information sharing; (8) investigation review. 2.6 Information Technology Construction Information technology infrastructure and construction could provide the needed competitive information technology resources. They are also the key factors of forming basic strength difference. Davidoow et al. [7] considered that when information technology infrastructure and construction could allow new business strategies to appear and provide integrated connectivity mechanisms. [4]. Applegate et al. [2] considered a broad definition of information technology that included information technology infrastructure and information technology related operation and opportunity. However, Ken [10] considered that information technology construction could provide an overview of business owned information technology, possible technology, and implies business operation. This connects organization structure and business strategy. Information technology infrastructure is an information technology capability to help business information integration and sharing. Weill [14] considered that the info rmation technology capacity of technology infrastructure possesses not only information technology, but also technology perspectives that provide basic operation levels, communication, software equipment, network systems and management perspectives. Furthermore, Broadbent et al. [4] consider that information technology capacity should also involve the scope of reach and range in business; the scope of reach is connection level of information technology capacity and the range of reach is provided service of information technology capacity. 3. Methodology 3.1 The structure of Customer Relationship Management This study focuses on the cognition and application of CRM in the Textile industry in India. We analyzed the difference between Marketing Strategy Management (MSM), Customer Value Analysis (CVA), Customer Service Management (CSM), and Information Technology Application (ITA) with different characteristics (see Figure 2). Different location H1 Different scale H2 Different employees characteristics H3 Marketing Strategy Management Customer Value Analysis Customer Service Management Information Technology Application Apply CRM structure Figure 2: Research structure 3.2 Hypotheses The hypotheses developed in this work are shown in Table 1. Table 1: Hypotheses Hypotheses H1 The difference in different location to MSM, CVA, CSM, and ITA. H1a There is no significant difference in location to Marketing Strategy Management (MSM). H1b There is no significant difference in location to Customer Value Analysis (CVA). H1c There is no significant difference in location to Customer Service Management (CSM). H1d There is no significant difference in location to Information Technology Application (ITA). H2 The difference in different scale to MSM, CVA, CSM, and ITA. H2a There is no significant difference in scale to Marketing Strategy Management (MSM). H2b There is no significant difference in scale to Customer Value Analysis (CVA). H2c There is no significant difference in scale to Customer Service Management (CSM). H2d There is no significant difference in scale to Information Technology Application (ITA). H3 The difference in employee characteristics to MSM, CVA, CSM, and ITA. H3a There is no significant difference in employee characteristics to Marketing Strategy Management (MSM). H3b There is no significant difference in employee characteristics to Customer Value Analysis (CVA). H3c There is no significant difference in employee characteristics to Customer Service Management (CSM). H3d There is no significant difference in employee characteristics to Information Technology Application (ITA). 3.3 Variable description The structure is combined with Marketing Strategy Management, Customer Value Analysis, Customer Service Management, and Information Technology Application in Customer Relationship Management. The variables are described in Table 2. Table 2: The variables in CRM structure Variables Item Marketing Strategy Management 1. Business make customers become partner to participate the value interchange. 2. Carry out marketing strategy with 4P principles. 3. Each department should pursue for improving service process continuously. 4. Business should set the marketing performance assessment principles to be total marketing. 5. Take customer profile to design sales activities. 6. Take automatic technology assistant tools to design sales activities. Customer Value Analysis 1. Lead in data warehousing to setup and analyze customer profile. 2. Adopt data mining to analyze consumer behavior. 3. Establish specific department to analyze customer profile. 4. Adopt customer value analysis to identify target customers. Customer Service Management 1. It is urgent task to make quick service system as well. 2. Improve quality initiatively to satisfy customer as well. 3. Analyze customer respond question as well to improve service quality. 4. After owning perfect internal customer, business will have satisfied external customer. 5. Business should make investigation of customer satisfaction and apply it. 6. There is a rise trend of customer satisfaction by implementing CRM. Information Technology Application 1. Business and customer interchange continuously by operating information. 2. The database is the CRM base. 3. Make the best profit by applying customer database to provide marketing service. 4. As customer profiles do not be integrated, the utilization ratio of them falls. 5. Lead in the supporting technology which CRM need. 6. Adopt Internet and others related tools to provide convenient customer service. We adopted descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, t-test, One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by SPSS for Windows 10.0 to analyze the Textile industry in India. 4. Analysis and result 4.1 The questionnaire sample structural analysis We emitted 640 questionnaires and recovered 194 in 2008. The total recovery ratio was 30.31%. Sixty-eight of the 194 returned questionnaires were invalid, making the valid recovery ratio 19.69%. This study was directed at business proprietors and unit leaders. The proprietors occupied 29.37%, senior managers occupied 48.41%, and the middle managers occupied 22.22%. The sample showed that the average business experience was 11-15 years occupied 53.18%, above 16 years occupied 26.98%. The education levels for this sample were above college occupied 93.65%. In sum, the sample had be representative to realize the questionnaire meaning when they answered. The reliability was tested by the Cronbachs ÃŽÂ ± value to each perspective (See Table 3). All perspectives reliability represent high reliable with total questionnaire Cronbachs ÃŽÂ ± value is 0.8446 (above 0.7). The Customer Value Analysis perspective (Cronbachs ÃŽÂ ± = 0.7989) and Customer Service Management perspective (Cron bachs ÃŽÂ ± = 0.7908). Table 3: Reliability analysis Perspectives # of questions Cronbachs a CRM overview 8 0.7285 Marketing Strategy Management 6 0.7998 Customer Value Analysis 4 0.7989 Customer Service Management 6 0.7908 Information Technology Application 6 0.7277 Total 30 0.8446 4.2 The analysis of difference in different location to CRM overview This paper studied the different location relation to CRM first. There was a more positive view in We will have clear CRM direction and target in the future and We should established specific department to maintain and improve customer relation with Central India area businesses than Northern and Southern area businesses. There was more positive view in There is a rise-trend of total satisfaction with customer with the central area businesses than northern and southern area businesses. For this reason, lots of resources are available in Central India. This fuels Textile industry development in the central area. 4.3 The analysis of difference in different location to MSM, CVA, CSM, and ITA. This study used One-way ANOVA to test the significant difference in different location to MSM, CVA, CSM, and ITA (See Table 4). We find that there is not any F-value significant in different location to MSM and CVA perspectives and the entire Mean is above 4. The opinions of sample in MSM and CVA perspectives are the same. We support the H1a and H1b. In the CSM perspective, there is not also any F-value significant in different location to this one, but only on After owning perfect internal customer, business will have satisfied external customer and Business should investigate customer satisfaction and apply it the mean between 3.3 to 4.0, the others are above 4. The opinions of sample in CSM perspective are the same. We support the H1c. Finally in the ITA perspective, there is only Adopt Internet and others related tools to provide convenient customer service the F-value shows significant (P= 0.005) in different location to this one. The others are not significant and the entire Me an is above 4. Most sample opinions in this perspective were the same. We support the H1d. Table 4: Statistic Analysis Items Mean Standard error F Significant Marketing Strategy Management Carry out marketing strategy with 4P principles. 4.51 0.54 0.51 0.951 Each department should pursue for improving service process continuously 4.04 0.70 0.523 0.594 Business should set the marketing performance assessment principles to be total marketing. 4.17 0.64 0.133 0.875 Business make customers become partner to participate the value interchange. 4.13 0.85 1.070 0.346 Take automatic technology assistant tools to design sales activities. 4.16 0.63 0.295 0.745 Take customer profile to design sales activities. 4.27 0.55 0.008 0.992 Customer Value Analysis Adopt data mining to analyze consumer behavior. 4.43 0.53 0.290 0.749 Lead in data warehousing to setup and analyze customer profile. 4.12 0.69 0.716 0.491 Establish specific department to analyze customer profile. 4.26 0.67 0.979 0.379 Adopt customer value analysis to identify target customers. 4.31 0.58 1.256 0.289 Customer Service Management It is urgent task to make quick service system as well. 4.30 0.58 0.038 0.963 Improve quality initiatively to satisfy customers. 4.33 0.80 0.743 0.478 After owning perfect internal customer, business will have satisfied external customer. 3.34 0.91 1.167 0.315 Business should make investigation of customer satisfaction and apply it. 3.93 0.64 0.472 0.625 There is a rise trend of customer satisfaction by implementing CRM. 4.27 0.64 0.244 0.784 Analyze customer respond question as well to improve service quality. 4.30 0.55 0.043 0.958 Information Technology Management Database is the base of building CRM. 4.41 0.53 0.408 0.666 Business and customer interchange continuously by operating information. 4.42 0.51 0.878 0.419 As customer profiles do not be integrated, the utilization ratio of them falls. 4.41 0.56 0.757 0.471 Adopt Internet and others related tools to provide convenient customer service. 4.51 0.52 5.505 0.005** Lead in the supporting technology which CRM need. 4.31 0.74 0.914 0.404 Make the best profit by applying customer database to provide marketing service. 4.06 0.42 0.939 0.394 Note: *p